LibGuides: UNIS Model United Nations: Issue and Topic Resources

Issues & Topics March 2025

March 2025: Addressing the Myanmar Tatmadaw conflict	March 2025: Addressing integrity concerns regarding Iran’s nuclear program	March 2025: Addressing the Cameroon Anglophone Crisis
Local groups offer vital assistance to newly displaced in Myanmar (UNHCR) 22 July 2021 Report of the independent international fact-finding mission on Myanmar (HRC) 28 September 2018 ASEAN Foreign Ministers’ Statement on The Escalation of Conflicts in Myanmar (ASEAN) 18 April 2024 EU Sanctions Map (EU) 29 October 2024 The World Bank In Myanmar (World Bank Group) 8 October 2024 Myanmar and the IMF (IMF) 9 September 2024 The Myanmar Military is Collapsing Amidst Civil War: How Should the United States and Other Countries Prepare? (Council on Foreign Relations) 4 December 2023 Myanmar: Aung San Suu Kyi’s Party Wins Majority in Election (BBC) 13 November 2020 Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (The Gambia v. Myanmar: 7 States intervening) (ICJ) 24 December 2024	Resolution 2231 (2015) on Iran Nuclear Issue (United Nations, Security Council) Urging Return by Tehran, Washington, D.C., to Nuclear Diplomacy, Top Officials Briefing Security Council Cite Alarming Increase in Iran’s Enriched Uranium Stockpiles 24 June 2024 (United Nations, Meeting Coverage and Press Releases) Joint Statement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran Regarding the Unjust Resolution 22 November 2024 Iranian Nuclear Safeguards Concerns and the Integrity of the IAEA Safeguards System May 5 2020 Iran’s nuclear programme status with the JCPOA 04 October 2024 Iran and UN Security Council Resolution 2231: E3 Joint Statement 24 June 2024 A History of Iran's Nuclear Program December 19, 2023 Iranian Public Opinion on the Nuclear Program June 2006	Cameroon (Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect) 1 December 2024 Arrest of Separatist Leader Puts Spotlight on Cameroon’s Anglophone Conflict (Crisis Group) 16 October 2024 Anglophone Cameroonians in Nigeria pass 20,000 mark (UNHCR) 20 March 2018 The Socio-Political Crisis in the Northwest and Southwest Regions of Cameroon: Assessing the Economic and Social Impacts (World Bank) January 2021 UNSC must escalate Cameroon crisis on its agenda – Rights groups (Africa News) 13 August 2024 Why separatists in Cameroon and Nigeria have united (BBC) 21 October 2021 Experts of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination Commend Cameroon’s Acceptance of Refugees, Ask about Bilingualism, Indigenous Peoples and Birth Registration (ICESCR) 14 April 2022 Webinar: Understanding Cameroon's Anglophone Crisis & Opportunities for Peace during a Pandemic (Harvard) 18 April 2020

March 2025: Addressing the Myanmar Tatmadaw conflict	March 2025: Addressing integrity concerns regarding Iran’s nuclear program	March 2025: Addressing the Cameroon Anglophone Crisis
Myanmar Humanitarian Situation Report (UNICEF) 19 December 2024 Report on the Situation of human rights in Myanmar (OHCHR) 04 September 2024 Asean Leaders’ Review and Decision on the Implementation of the Five-Point Consensus (ASEAN) 09 October 2024 ASEAN Tells Myanmar Junta Peace, Not Election, is Priority (Reuters) 20 January 2025 Sanctions Against Myanmar (European Union) 4 December 2024 ASEAN needs to address its failing approach to the crisis in Myanmar following the military coup (Amnesty International) 24 April 2023 Civil War in Myanmar (Council on Foreign Relations) 10 January 2025 Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide - The Gambia v. Myanmar (International Court of Justice) 11 November 2019 Statement of Prosecutor Karim A.A. Khan KC - Application for an Arrest Warrant in the Situation in Bangladesh/Myanmar (International Criminal Court) 27 November 2024	Analysis of IAEA Iran Verification and Monitoring Report- November 2024 (ISIS) 21 November 2024 Joint Comprehension Plan Of Action (European Parliament) 14 July 2015 Israel’s strikes on Iran broke a 40 year taboo. Tehran faces tough choices about what to do next (CNN) 30 October 2023 Iran’s Nuclear Timetable: The Weapon Potential (Iran Watch) 18 December 2024 Treat on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (IAEA) 22 April 1970 Attack on Iran’s nuclear program more likely with Trump presidency (Al Arabiya) 17 January 2025 US Intelligence on Iran’s nuclear advances (The Iran Primer) 10 December 2024 China’s Response Against the Nuclear Program of Iran (Modern Diplomacy) 8 November 2024 2025 will be a decisive year for Iran’s nuclear program (Atlantic Council) 20 November 2024 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1929 (Security Council) 9 June 2010	Cameroon: North-West and South-West Crisis Situation Report No. 9 - As of 31 July 2019 (OCHA) 31 July 2019 Anglophone Cameroonians in Nigeria pass 20,000 mark (UNHCR) 20 March 2018 Cameroon (Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect) 1 December 2024 Cameroon Escalation of the Anglophone crisis (Acaps) 21 January 2020 The Socio-Political Crisis in the Northwest and Southwest Regions of Cameroon: Assessing the Economic and Social Impacts (World Bank) January 2021 Southern Cameroons: An Overview of the Human Rights Situation for the Anglophone Community (UNPO) 16 March 2011 Arrest of Separatist Leader Puts Spotlight on Cameroon’s Anglophone Conflict (Crisis Group) 16 October 2024 Why separatists in Cameroon and Nigeria have united (BBC) 21 October 2021 Security situation linked to the Anglophone conflict (CGVS) 16 October 2020 Cameroon: Army Killings, Disappearances, in North-West Region (Human Rights Watch) 11 August 2022 Biya must stop the killings in Cameroon and lead the search for peace (The Conversation) 18 July 2018 Cameroon’s Anglophone crisis: how the common law court offers a ray of hope (The Conversation) 15 December 2022 Experts of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination Commend Cameroon’s Acceptance of Refugees, Ask about Bilingualism, Indigenous Peoples and Birth Registration (ICESCR) 14 April 2022

March 2025: Membership of South Ossetia and Abkhazia	March 2025: Membership of Palestine	March 2025: Membership of Somaliland	March 2025: Membership of United Bengal
“Status of internally displaced persons and refugees from Abkhazia, Georgia, and the Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia, Georgia” report (UN General Assembly) 29 April 2024 Resolution “on settlement of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict and extension of the mandate of the UN Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG)” (UNSC) 15 April 2008 “EU Statement on Georgia’s report on the human rights violations in the Georgian regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia at the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, 22 February 2023” (EU) 22 February 2023 Consolidated report on the conflict in Georgia involving South Ossetia and Abkhazia (Council of Europe) 3 April 2023 Report on status of Abkhazia (UNPO) February 2015 Review of Georgia’s economy, with specifications of Abkhazia and South Ossetia on page 6 (IMF) October 2006 “Women This Week: President Salome Zourabichvili Leads Protest Against Pro-Russia Ruling Party” (Council on Foreign Relations) 1 November 2024 “South Ossetia - living in hope of a peaceful future” (European Council on Foreign Relations) 15 January 2016 “Abkhazia profile” (BBC) 19 November 2024 “South Ossetia profile” (BBC) 25 October 2024 “On the Issues: Georgia” (United States Institute of Peace) 30 September 2008	Resolution 181 - Future Government of Palestine (General Assembly) 1948 Report Concerning the Application of Palestine for Admission to Membership in the United Nations (Security Council) 11 November 2011 US Vetoes Palestine’s Request for Full UN Membership (UN News) 18 April 2024 European Union and Palestinians (The Office of the European Union Representative) 9 August 2021 Israeli Occupation of Palestine and Ongoing Violations in Gaza (GCC) 25 August 2024 West Bank and Gaza: Selected Issues (IMF) 13 September 2023 UNPO Discusses Recognition After Palestine’s UN Overtures (UNPO) 5 October 2011 Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (Council on Foreign Relations) 17 January 2025 The Mainstreaming of Israeli Extremism (Middle East Institute) 18 December 2024 The ‘State-Plus’ Framework: A Confederal Solution for Israel-Palestine (Brookings) 23 December 2020 Israel and Palestine (Human Rights Watch) 16 January 2025 Gaza Ceasefire-hostage Deal (CNN) 18 January 2025 War on Gaza, the View from Israel (Al Jazeera) 4 June 2024 Hamas (The Conversation) 14 December 203 Hamas-Israel Conflict (Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs) 8 December 2024	Resolution: Date of the Independence of Somaliland under Italian Administration (General Assembly) 5 December 1959 Somaliland: In Search of Recognition (UNPO) 12 June 2007 Somaliland, The Horn Of Africa (CFR) 25 January 2024 Somaliland, The Country Of Progress (The Diplomatic Affairs) 14 August 2020 Unrecognized States as a Political and Legal Phenomenon (SRN) 10 June 2021 A Future Outlook: Prospects for Somaliland-Taiwan Relations (Global Taiwan Institute) 1 May 2024 Somaliland Profile (BBC) 2 January 2024 About the African Union (AU) 10 January 2024 The Ethiopia-Somaliland Naval Base Deal Is a Violation of International Law (Minnesota) World Report 2024 Somalia: Somaliland (Human Rights Watch) 2024 Chronology Of Somaliland (GovSomaliland) 23 July 2024	United Nations Charter, Chapter II: Membership (UN) How the Partition of India Happened – and Why its Effects are Still Felt Today (The Conversation) 10 August 2017 India’s Muslims: An Increasingly Marginalized Population (Council on Foreign Relations) 18 March 2024 Haunted by Unification: A Bangladeshi View of Partition (Al Jazeera) 14 August 2017 The Partition: The British Game of ‘Divide and Rule’ (Al Jazeera) 10 August 2017 Partition: Why was British India Divided 75 years ago? (BBC) 15 August 2022 Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bangladesh National Portal) 2024 Ministry of External Affairs (Government of India) 2024 Bangladesh: Wave of Violent Attacks Against Hindu Minority (Amnesty) 6 March 2013 India: Discriminatory Property Policy Against Muslims (Amnesty) 24 January 2024

March 2025: Question of combating the use of chemical and biological weapons	March 2025: Question of Reforming the UN Disarmament Machinery	March 2025: Question of strengthening international cooperation on space security
Biological Weapons (UNODA) Chemical Weapons (UNODA) 1925 Geneva Protocol (UNODA) Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear terrorism (UN) United Nations Not Aware of Any Biological Weapons Programmes, Disarmament Chief Affirms Bio-terrorism: a serious threat for citizens’ health (Council of Europe) 9 February 2004 Keeping a Lid on Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological Weapons (OSCE) 1 December 2016 Prevention of the Development or Use of Biological Weapons (NLM) 1 February 2017 What is a Chemical Weapon? (OPCW) Preventing the Re-Emergence of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) Sounding the alarm on AI-enhanced bioweapons (European Leadership Network) 26 February 2024 Can the world be free of weapons? (Al Jazeera) 28 Oct 2017 Participants (The Australia Group)	Russia Suspends New START \| Arms Control Association (ACA) March 2023 Disarmament Machinery Impasse ‘Cause and Consequence’ of Competing Strategic Priorities, Ruthless Pursuit of Military Advantage, First Committee Told (UN Press) 27 October 2022 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (UNODA) 2017 Disarmament Machinery A Fresh Approach (UNIDIR) September 2010 Dysfunction in United Nations Disarmament Machinery Has ‘Insidious Effect’ of Stopping People from Listening to Each Other, First Committee Told \| Meetings Coverage and Press Releases (UN Press) 17 October 2014 A Report on the UN Special Session on Disarmament (IAEA) The Reform of the United Nations Disarmament Machinery (Research Gate) April 2015 Small Arms and Light Weapons (SALW) and Mine Action (MA) (NATO) 04 October 2023 Chemical Weapons Convention (OPCW) 2023 Report to Congress on Implementation of the New START Treaty (United States Department of State) 31 January 2024 Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) – UNODA (United Nations) Rectifying the UN Disarmament Machinery (VCDNP) 21 July 2011	Outer Space Must Be a Place for Peace and Cooperation, Not an Arms Race (United Nations) 24 October 2023 International Cooperation in the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (United Nations General Assembly) 7 December 2023 Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies (UNOOSA) 19 December 1966 Timeline of Space Governance: Key Moments That Shaped Our Future in Space (New Space Economy) September 2024 EU Space Strategy for Security and Defence (EU) 2022 Anti-Satellite Weapons and the Emerging Space Arms Race (Harvard International Review) 26 May 2020 What is ‘Kessler Syndrome’ — and why do some scientists think the space disaster scenario has already started? (CNN) 27 December 2024 Looking ahead to the next 25 years of private space stations (Space.com) 18 July 2024

March 2025: Question of promoting fair and equitable trade agreements	March 2025: Question of combating Tax Evasion to Ensure Fair Resource Allocation	March 2025: Question of combating corruption in Debt Relief Programs
Fair trade organization and UN trade and Development collaborate - Fair trade movement and UNCTAD join forces - (UNCTAD) October 2018 Effects of trade liberalization - Global Trade Liberalization and the Developing Countries - (International Monetary Fund) November 2001 Rules of digital trade - The missing dimension: Global rules for digital trade - (Hinrich Foundation) April 2024 Climate change and development - WTO, Climate Change, and Sustainable Development - (International Institute for Sustainable Development) February 2024 Free trade agreements - State of Trade 2022: The Benefits of Free Trade Agreements - (Government of Canada) June 2024 Imbalance in trade agreements - Peculiarities and rationale of asymmetric regional trade agreements - (World Trade Organization) Impacts of NAFTA - Local Economic and Political Effects of Trade Deals: Evidence from NAFTA (Harvard) - January 2021 Fair trade - Why does Fairtrade mean sustainable trade? - (Fairtrade)	International tax cooperation: International efforts to Combating tax avoidance and evasion - United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (Financing for Sustainable Development) Why the world needs a UN global tax convention - The United Nations News (UN News) 16 August 2024 Base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) - Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) International standards on tax transparency (& Common Report Standards) - Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Managing Tax Incentives in Developing Countries - International Monetary Fund (IMF) 21 November 2024 Only outrage will stop tax evasion - World Economic Forum (WEF) 25 January 2018 Investigation and Compliance Strategies - Asian Development Bank (ADB) 9 - 11 March 2016 A tax evasion law not publicly enforced may as well not exist - The Guardian News Agencies (The Guardian) 20 January 2024	Corruption and Debt Relief – A Global Perspective (UNODC) October 2023 UNPO Report on Corruption in Financial Aid Distribution (UNPO) September 2023 Corruption and Its Impact on Development Aid (UNPO) September 2023 African Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption (African Union) February 2020 Trade, Debt and Financing and the Impact of the Debt Service Burden on the Fight Against Poverty (OAS) April 2005 What Does Debt Relief Do for Development? (World Bank) 18 November 2018 Muhammad Kamran Shehzad: Combating corruption in the banking sector (BIS) October 2010 Why debt sustains corruption in Greece and vice versa (World Economic Forum) July 2015

March 2025: Addressing the role of governments in either protecting or perpetuating religious intolerance	March 2025: Holding accountability on multinational corporations for human rights abuses in conflict zones, including forced labor, land grabs, and environmental harm	March 2025: Question of rights of political prisoners and detainees
OHCHR's International Standards Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief (OHCHR) UN General Assembly’s Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belie November 1981 European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) AU's Interfaith Dialogue Forum Commits to Peace through Education, Partnerships, Media and Development Agenda (AU) November 2016 UBS's The cost of intolerance (UBS) December 2021 American ThinkTank Pew Researcher’s Government Restrictions on Religion Stayed at Peak Levels Globally in 2022 December 2024 BBC's Nigeria election: Dangers of being religious in a religious nation October 2022 UN's Universal Declaration of Human Rights December 1948	OHCHR’s Guidance on Business in Conflict Zones (OHCHR) July 2022 UNDP’s Guide on Human Rights DUe Diligence in Conflict-Affected Contexts (UNDP) January 2023 EU Regulation on Conflict Minerals (EU) March 2017 African Union’s Initiatives on Corporate Accountability (AU) September 2023 UNDP Report on Business Responsibility in Conflict Zones (UNDP) January 2023 Accountability for Corporations in Conflict Zones (Harvard International Law Journal) November 2010 Red Cross: Corporate Responsibility in Conflict (Australian Red Cross) How Conflict Minerals Enter Tech Supply Chains (The Wall Street Journal) November 2022 OHCHR’s Report on Corporate Impunity, Specifically its Liability for Gross Human Rights Abuses (OHCHR) The Responsibility To Protect: Corporate Accountability (UN) December 2016 Human Rights Watch Report on Forced Labor and Other Human Rights Violations in Conflict Zones (HRW) October 2024 ICC Investigations into corporate complicity in War Crimes (ICC) June 2022 ECHR Cases and Significant Claims Corporate Human Rights Violations (ECHR) China’s Soft Power in Africa or Real Corporate Accountability? (USIP) September 2017 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UN) December 1948 Management and Accountability Framework of the UN Development and Resident Coordinator System (UN SDG)	About Arbitrary Detention (OHCHR) 17 April 1998 Aung San Suu Kyi: Myanmar Democracy Icon Who Fell from Grace (BBC) 6 December 2021 Belarus: Months after Arbitrary Detention, Viasna’s Members Must Be Released (OMCT) 20 August 2021 Grassroots through the Years: Human Rights (Grassroots International) August 2023 Human Rights Breaches in Algeria, Belarus and Myanmar (European Parliament) 21 July 2023 Independent UN Expert Urges Iran to Release Remaining Political Prisoners (UN News) 23 September 2013 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (OHCHR) 16 December 1966 Key Findings of the 2016 Report on Turkey (European Commission) 9 November 2016 Political Prisoners’ Families Speak Out: #SetThemFree Campaign Launches Video Series (World Movement for Democracy) 1 November 2018 Report on the 57th Session of the Human Rights Council (Universal Rights Group) 23 October 2024 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (United Nations Treaty Collection) 17 July 1998 The Challenge of Delivering Healthcare in Prison (Justice Trends Magazine) 1 October 2018 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UN) 10 December 1948 Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action (OHCHR) 25 June 1993 What Are the Helsinki Accords? (The National Museum of American Diplomacy) 18 December 2023 What Is the Arab Spring, and How Did It Start? (Al Jazeera) 17 December 2020 What Is the Rule of Law (United Nations and the Rule of Law) October 2023 World Report 2023 (Human Rights Watch) 12 January 2023

March 2025: Question of urbanization and challenges of internal migration	March 2025: Question of border management and humanitarian response to sudden migration flows	March 2025: Question of private military companies in migration management
Revised Prospects of World Urbanization (UN DESA) May 2018 Africapolis, Mapping a New Urban Geography (OECD) 2020 Internal Migration in Vietnam: The Current Situation (UNFPA) June 2007 How Urban Planning and Smart Transport can Unlock the Potential of Cities (World Bank) 21 November 2024 Migration Development and Poverty Reduction in Asia (IOM) March 2005 Migration and Its Impacts on Cities (WEF) 25 October 2017 Economic Migration and the Role of Cities - Ensuring Social Cohesion (CIPPEC) July 2018 Cross-national Comparisons of Internal Migration: An Update on Global Patterns and Trends (UN DESA) January 2013 Internal Migration and Urbanization: Recent Contributions and New Evidence (Boston University) November 1998 Understanding Urban Migration in Vietnam: Evidence from a Micro–Macro Link (Asia Bank Development Institute) March 2021 Istanbul Declaration on Human Settlements (UN Habitat) 27 February 2006 Why Countries are Choosing to Build New Cities in Places at High Risk of Worsening Floods (CNN) 4 October 2023 Inclusive Urbanization: Can the 2030 Agenda be Delivered Without It? (Institute of Development Studies) 22 February 2016 A Landscape of Vietnam Labor and Migration (Open Development Vietnam) 24 August 2024	Humanitarian Border Management: better response to migration crises? (IOM) September 2016 Humanitarian border management (FMR) March 2023 IOM Migration Crisis Operational Framework (IOM) 15 November 2012 Beyond A Border Solution (AIC) 3 May 2023 IOM Chief Commits to Strengthen Migration Management and Climate Action in Inaugural Botswana Visit (IOM) 13 December 2024 Beyond Borders: UNHCR’s transformation (UNHCR) 11 October 2024 Border Management and Human Rights. A study of EU Law and the Law of the Sea (UNHCR) October 2008 10 infographics that show the scale of global displacement (UNHCR) 20 June 2015 What is a migration crisis and how to address it integrally (IOM) February 2022 From Migration Restriction to Migration Management (United Nations) 30 September 2013 Europe and the Refugee Crisis: A Challenge to Our Civilization (United Nations) 15 September 2016 Protection of Migrants' Rights and State Sovereignty (United Nations) 30 September 2013 Theory and evidence on the impact of refugees on host communities (World Bank Blogs) 28 March 2023 Security Assistance Isn’t the Quick Fix the US Thinks It Is (Carnegie) 6 August 2015 Do Immigrants and Immigration Help the Economy? (TheBrink) 4 April 2024 Leveraging Economic Migration For Development (WorldBank) 25 August 2016	Report on the role of private military and security companies in immigration and border management and the impact on the protection of the rights of all migrants (OHCHR) July 2020 Refugee Statistics (UNHCR) September 2023 UN experts report highlights role of private military and security companies in immigration management (UNHRC) 30 March 2023 Offshoring and Outsourcing Border Control: The EU’s Use of Private Military and Security Companies (EUI) 22 March 2022 Trump allies, private sector quietly prepare for mass detention of immigrants (CNN) 7 November 2024 Stand up 4 Migrants: Changing the narrative on migration (UNHR) 18 December 2020 International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (OHCHR) 1 July 2003 The Rise of Private Military and Security Companies in EU Migration Policies: Implications Under the UNGP 30 August 2018

March 2025: Question of mitigating exploitation of women in labor	March 2025: Question of abusive forced marriage	March 2025: Addressing economic inequalities for women in poverty
Protections of Women Human Rights Defenders at Risk in Migration Contexts Recommendation Report (UN Women) November 2022 PROTECT Project, focused on protecting women from exploitation and trafficking in certain areas (International Labor Organization, UN Women, UNICEF, and UNODC) 2023-2026 Addressing the abuse and exploitation against women migrant workers (International Labor Organisation, UN Women and ASEAN) 28 May, 2018 Women Migrant Workers in the Laws and Policies of ASEAN Member States Report (ASEAN) 2023 The African Union Convention on Ending Violence Against Women and Girls (African Union) 2024-2025 National Action Plans on Business and Workers’ Rights for different countries (National Action Plans on Business and Rights) Increasing Female Labor Force Participation (World Bank) January 2023 World Economic Forum 2024 Global Gender Gap Report (World Economic Forum) June 2024 First Woman Appointed to Top Position in the Holy See (Council on Foreign Relations) 10 January 2025 Filipino women face exploitation at their work in Europe (Al Jazeera) 17 April 2024 Women working as garment workers at GAP and H&M face abuse daily (The Guardian) 5 June 2018 United Nations Human Rights Report 2018 - (UNHCHR) 2018 Women’s Access to Justice for Gender-Based Violence (International Commission of Jurists) February 2016 A businessman in Kenya was sentenced to 6o years in jail for trafficking 12 Nepalese women and girls into Kenya (Equality Now) 12 January 2022 General recommendation No. 38 (2020) on trafficking in women and girls in the context of global migration (CEDAW) 2020	COVID-19: A threat to progress against the child marraiage (UNICEF) 7 March 2021 Child and forced marriage, including in humanitarian setting (UNHCR) ASEAN calls for ending child, early, and forced marriage (ASEAN) 8 March 2019 Child, early and forced marriage legislation in 37 asia pacific countries (Inter-Parliamentary Union) The rippling economic impacts of child marriage (World Bank) 27 June 2017 UN Human Rights Council adopts sixth resolution child, early, and forced marriage (Girls Not Brides) 9 August 2023 Global Estimates of Modern Slavery Forced Labour and Forced Marriage (International Labour Organization) September 2022 Forced Marriages (UK Government’s Forced Marriage Unit) Forced Marriage (BBC) 2014 Increasing protections and changing attitudes towards forced marriage (Australian Human Rights Institute) 2023 Child and forced marriage - manifestation of gender discrimination (UNHCR) 11 July 2024	Economic Empowerment of Women (UN Women) Breaking the cycle of poverty for women and their communities (UNDP) 21 March 2024 Advancing Women’s Financial Inclusion and Economic Empowerment for Sustainable Development (African Union) 7 March 2024 ASEAN reaffirms commitment to address women’s unpaid and domestic work during launch of new UN-ASEAN report (ESCAP) 14 October 2021 Boosting Strategy 2030 (Asian Development Bank) 2018 Nearly 2.4 billion women globally don’t have same economic rights as men (World Bank) 1 March 2022 Women and the Law (Council on Foreign Relations) October 2018 Global cost of failing to invest in women and gender equality is $10tn a year (The Guardian) 16 September 2024 She’s the boss: The ‘she-conomy’ boom continues with new business growth (CNN) 15 March 2024 The US gender pay gap: Why it hasn’t narrowed much in 20 years (CNN) 1 March 2023 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (UN Women) Poverty Trap: Definition, Causes, and Proposed Solutions (Investopedia) 25 September 2023 Gender wage gap (OECD) Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (United Nations) UN Women and the African Development Bank Group strengthen their collaboration to advance women’s economic empowerment (African Development Bank) 27 May 2024

Question of digital division in technological advancements	March 2025: Question of ethical standards in illegal trade	March 2025: Transparency and integrity within infrastructure development among business corporations
Digital Progress and Trends Report (World Bank) 2023 Widening digital gap between developed, developing states threatening to exclude world’s poorest from next industrial revolution (United Nations) 6 October 2023 With almost half of world’s population still offline, digital divide risks becoming ‘new face of inequality’, Deputy Secretary-General warns General Assembly (United Nations) 27 April 2021 The impact of digital technologies (United Nations) 2024 Fixing the global digital divide and digital access gap (Brookings) June 2022 Closing the digital divide; Rich countries are doing better (World Bank) 16 November 2022 Digital technologies can help bridge the digital divide in Africa (World Bank) 24 September 2021 The digital era for all (World Bank) March 2024 Accelerated by COVID and AI, global digital landscape remains uneven (World Bank) 5 March 2024 Bridging the global digital divide (Brookings) May 2021 Digital transformation accelerates, but gaps underscore need for new framework to advance use (United Nations) 2024 Bridging digital, technological divide key for enabling sustainable development, Secretary-General says (United Nations) 2022 Bridging the digital divide by putting the focus on people (World Economic Forum) December 2024 Entering the Intelligent Age without a digital divide (World Economic Forum) September 2024 Digital divide in education (OECD) 2024 From Connectivity to Services: Digital Transformation in Africa (World Bank) June 2023 Closing the digital divide as we enter the Intelligent Age (World Economic Forum) January 2025	Global action against illicit financial flows (UNDP) 22 October 2018 United Nations Development Program (UNDP) 2015 Definition of transnational organized crime (United Nations) 12 November 2024 Trade policy and agreements towards fair worldwide trade (European Union) 5 November 2024 EU Customs Union (European Union) 5 November 2024 Initiative to combat illicit trafficking in cultural properties (Council of Europe) 2 March 2016 WTO’s contributions to the 17 SDGs (WTO) 5 October 2023 The difficulties of stopping illicit financial flows (The Economist) 2 February 2019 Control over the illegal economy and economic-based threats (Ministry of Foreign Affair sites) 2014	UNDP’s tools to measure transparency in infrastructure projects (UNDP) 2019 UN Transparency Portal highlighting funding transparency initiatives (United Nations) 2024 Integrity Pacts included in the G20 Compendium of good practices (European Commission) 10 July 2019 G20 Guidelines on quality infrastructure for regional connectivity (G20) 2021 Anti-corruption and integrity efforts to promote transparency (OECD) 2024 Best practices in collective action for business integrity (Transparency International) 2019 Integrity Pacts fostering good governance in public procurement (Transparency International) 17 December 2024 Business Integrity Toolkit for medium-sized enterprises (Transparency International) 2023 Strengthening CSO capacity to promote transparency in Malawi (Partnership for Transparency) 20 September 2024 Korea’s Clean Construction Expertise Enhancing Transparency in Türkiye (UNDP) 30 September 2024 Universal DPI Safeguards Framework for Inclusive Digital Infrastructure (UNDP) 2024 Trade infrastructure financing exploring private sector participation in Africa (AfriPoli) 2024 Building transparent accountable and inclusive institutions UNGASS report (UN DESA) 2 June 2021 Seoul Declaration on public-private partnerships for infrastructure development (UNESCAP) 2007

March 2025: The question of AI replacement in jobs	March 2025: The question of security resilience in rural regions	March 2025: The question of food security in high conflict zones
AI for sustainable development (UNDP) 9 May 2024 Collaboration effort on bridging digital divide (UNIDO) 19 December 2024 Tool to assess the impact of AI systems (Council of Europe) 2 December 2024 Risk and benefits of AI on societies (OSCE) 6 October 2023 AI shaping changes in workforce (OECD) 11 December 2024 Future of Work: Inclusive Labour Markets (World Economic Forum) 2025 Demystifying Artificial Intelligence (Council on Foreign Relations) 12 November 2024 Artificial Intelligence and Robots: Implication for Employment and Productivity (Asia Regional Integration Center) 2-4 October 2024 Britain’s advantage in the AI race (The Economist) 14 January 2025 AI presents solutions to promote human rights (United Nations Human Rights) 17 December 2024	An overview of climate change in relation to global, national, and local security (UNEP) The Food and Agriculture Organization's work relating to resilience (FAO) July 2024 The EU's plans for more connected and resilient rural areas across the region (EU) 2025 "Master Plan on Rural Development 2022 to 2026" (ASEAN) 5 November 2022 Ethiopia case study of stronger rural connectivity to resilience (World Bank) 29 March 2024 Building Economic Resilience and Advancing Economic Statecraft (Council on Foreign Relations) 9 December 2024 "From Comprehensive Security to Regional Resilience": analysis of security resilience throughout ASEAN (ERIA) 24 July 2017 Case Study: “Climate Resilience Takes Root in Burkina Faso" (Global Center on Adaptation) 18 November 2024 Article detailing the value of sustainable development of varying industries in rural areas in Angola (Al Jazeera) 7 December 2024 In-depth research report upon the importance of rural networking (MDPI) 9 July 2024	Resilience building in fragile environments: FAO’s approach (FAO) 5 April 2023 5 Steps from food security to famine (WFP) 18 March 2024 Africa Mobilizes Common Position for the upcoming UN Food Systems Summit (UNFSS) 15 July 2021 Agriculture and Food Security Division: Ten-year strategy and action plan (AU) 13 January 2025 Reform in Comoros: Opening up the rice market to increase food security and catalyze private sector growth (World Bank) 9 January 2025 AU must take the lead on the DRC conflict (ISS Africa) 17 April 2023 Geoeconomic Fragmentation Threatens Food Security and Clean Energy Transition (IMF) 3 October 2023 Ethiopia–Sudan border: How cross-border conflict is shaping trade and the control of land (Chatham House) 4 April 2024 Questions on the ICRC’s work in Israel and the occupied territories (ICRC) 10 January 2025 Expert workshop on biosecurity risks, environmental accountability in Ukraine, financing food insecurity and more (SIPRI) 18 January 2023

March 2025: Question of data privacy and national security among refugees	March 2025: Question of economic interest and ethical standards within trade relations	March 2025: Integrity in NATO regarding security breaches and surveillance across national borders
Data Protection and Digital Agency for Refugees (World Refugee Council) May 2019 Lack of resources undermines EU data protection enforcement (European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights) June 2024 Current Challenges for International Refugee Law, With a Focus on EU Policies and EU Co-operation With the UNHCR (European Parliament) 2013 Migration and data protection: Doing no harm in an age of mass displacement, mass surveillance and “big data” (International Review of the Red Cross) April 2017 The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and Its 1967 Protocol (UNHCR) September 2011 EU ‘seeking to turn migrant database into mass surveillance tool’ (The Guardian) 8 September 2021 Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council (EUR-Lex) 23 October 2018 Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (European Parliament) 18 December 2000 Data Protection Notice (EUAA) September 2024	EU Position In World Trade (European Commission) 2022 EU Trade Policy (European Parliament) October 2019 EU Digital Policy and International Trade (CRS) 25 March 2021 Trade and Investment Report 2022 (DETE) 19 March 2024 U.S.-EU Trade Relations (CRS) 6 May 2022 The EU’s new trade strategy: Gearing up for competition over values (FIIA) May 2021 Perspectives on the soft power of EU trade policy: A new eBook (CEPR) 31 July 2019 Global Policy Coherence for Global Age (WTO) 3 April 2017 European Union-China trade relations: Economic institutions in the theory of international relations (IGES) 12 March 2021	Relations with the European Union (NATO) 3 December 2024 NATO’s Approach to Counter Information Threats (NATO) 19 December 2024 Building Integrity in Operations: ACO Handbook (NATO) February 2020 NATO’s role in contemporary global security dynamics: beyond adaptability and resilience (ESD) 30 January 2024 A stronger EU on security and defence (EEAS) 19 November 2018 Growing internal differences dim NATO's future (Global Times) 11 July 2023 EU: Bloc’s decision to not ban public mass surveillance in AI Act sets a devastating global precedent (Amnesty International) 9 December 2023 Cybersecurity in the United Nations system organizations (UNJIU) March 2021 Spotlight on the Shadow War: Inside Russia’s Attacks on NATO Territory (CSCE) 12 December 2024 Russia warns it will ‘deter’ NATO as it creeps closer to its borders (Al Jazeera) 11 July 2024 Report on the adverse effect of the surveillance industry on freedom of expression (OHCHR) 28 May 2019

November 2024: Issue of the Seafaring Neutrality (ASEAN)

The Power of Regionalism: the vital role of the Pacific Islands Parliaments Group (UNDP) 16 August 2024
Review of the technical cooperation activities of UNCTAD and their financing (UNCTAD) 2–6 October 2023
Joint Ministerial Statement The Tenth ASEAN and China Transport Ministers Meeting (10thATM+China) Phnom Penh, Cambodia, (ASEAN) 16 December 2011
Deputy Secretary-General for ASEAN Political-Security Community holds discussion with First Assistant Secretary of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Australia (ASEAN) 6 September 2024
The Impact of Globalization on International Maritime Transport Activity (OECD) 22 Sep 2008
Why Tensions in the South China Sea Are Bolstering the U.S.-Philippines Alliance (CFR) 5 September 2024
Asean’s vaunted neutrality is pushing it towards irrelevance (SCMP) 4 Jun 2023
Modern Maritime Neutrality Law (Internatinoal Law Studies) 2014
Competition and Neutrality of Southeast Asian States in Indo-Pacific Strategy (CIMSEC) 22 August 2018
ASEAN Human rights Declaration (ASEAN) 19 November 2012

November 2024: Issue of the illegal narcotics trade (ASEAN)

November 2024: Question of democratic backsliding (AU)

November 2024: Question of peacekeeping efforts in states of conflict (AU)

November 2024: Question of the EU Membership of Ukraine (EU)

November 2024: Question of the protection of asylum seekers and refugees (EU)

November 2024: Question of peacekeeping efforts in Palestine (Security Council)

November 2024: Question of transnational organized crime (Security Council)

March 2024: The question of climate vulnerability in lower-income countries (SDG 13)

March 2024: The question of investment in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) (SDG 11)

March 2024: The question of global sharing of technology (SDG 9)

March 2024: The question of the regulation on Digital Currencies (GA2)

March 2024: The question of the implications of cyber and ABC weapons defense research (GA1)

March 2024: The question of the right to privacy (HRC)

March 2024: The question of neighboring countries and regional burden sharing for migrants and asylum seekers (PMC)

March 2024: On the membership of Katanga (UNMC)

March 2024: On the membership of Korea (UNMC)

March 2024: The issue of the relationship of Israel and Palestine (RSC)

March 2024: The issue of the relationship of Israel and Palestine (SC)

March 2024: The question of gender equality laws including domestic violence (SDG 5)

March 2023: The membership of Ambazonia (UNMC)

March 2023: The membership of Balochistan (UNMC)

March 2023: The membership of Puerto Rico (UNMC)

March 2023: The membership of Scotland (UNMC)

March 2023: The Membership of Somaliland (UNMC)

March 2023: The question of abortion and reproductive freedom laws (ICJC)

March 2023: The question of access to internet for vulnerable and marginalized populations (SDG9)

November 2022: The application of UN membership from the People's Republic of Donetsk (UN Membership Council)

November 2022: The application of UN membership of the Rakhine State (UN Membership Council)

November 2022: The application of UN membership from the Tigray Region (UN Membership Council)

November 2022: The issue of post conflict Ukraine (Security Council and Reform Security Council)

November 2022: The issue of sustainable security for Indigenous, minority, and vulnerable populations (Security Council and Reform Security Council)

November 2022: The question of access and distribution of resources in the Arctic Circle (United Nations Environmental Assembly)

March 2022: Combating the issue of organised people smuggling (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Council)

March 2022: The issue of the Belarus migrant crisis (Population Movement Council)

March 2022: The issue of ensuring equal access to COVID-19 vaccinations (Human Rights Council)

October 2021: Ensuring universal access to reproductive healthcare and legal abortion for women and girls (SDG5 Gender Equality)

October 2021: The question of managing the impacts of climate change in environmentally threatened countries (United Nations Environment Assembly UNEA)

UNIS Model United Nations: Issue and Topic Resources

Welcome To UNISMUN LibGuides

Issues & Topics March 2025

November 2024: Issue of the Seafaring Neutrality (ASEAN)

November 2024: Issue of the illegal narcotics trade (ASEAN)

November 2024: Question of democratic backsliding (AU)

November 2024: Question of peacekeeping efforts in states of conflict (AU)

November 2024: Question of the EU Membership of Ukraine (EU)

November 2024: Question of the protection of asylum seekers and refugees (EU)

November 2024: Question of peacekeeping efforts in Palestine (Security Council)

November 2024: Question of transnational organized crime (Security Council)

March 2024: The question of climate vulnerability in lower-income countries (SDG 13)

March 2024: The question of investment in Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) (SDG 11)

March 2024: The question of global sharing of technology (SDG 9)

March 2024: The question of the regulation on Digital Currencies (GA2)

March 2024: The question of the implications of cyber and ABC weapons defense research (GA1)

March 2024: The question of the right to privacy (HRC)

March 2024: The question of neighboring countries and regional burden sharing for migrants and asylum seekers (PMC)

March 2024: On the membership of Katanga (UNMC)

March 2024: On the membership of Korea (UNMC)

March 2024: The issue of the relationship of Israel and Palestine (RSC)

March 2024: The issue of the relationship of Israel and Palestine (SC)

March 2024: The question of gender equality laws including domestic violence (SDG 5)

March 2023: The membership of Ambazonia (UNMC)

March 2023: The membership of Balochistan (UNMC)

March 2023: The membership of Puerto Rico (UNMC)

March 2023: The membership of Scotland (UNMC)

March 2023: The Membership of Somaliland (UNMC)

March 2023: The question of abortion and reproductive freedom laws (ICJC)

March 2023: The question of access to internet for vulnerable and marginalized populations (SDG9)

November 2022: The application of UN membership from the People's Republic of Donetsk (UN Membership Council)

November 2022: The application of UN membership of the Rakhine State (UN Membership Council)

November 2022: The application of UN membership from the Tigray Region (UN Membership Council)

November 2022: The issue of post conflict Ukraine (Security Council and Reform Security Council)

November 2022: The issue of sustainable security for Indigenous, minority, and vulnerable populations (Security Council and Reform Security Council)

November 2022: The question of access and distribution of resources in the Arctic Circle (United Nations Environmental Assembly)

March 2022: Combating the issue of organised people smuggling (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Council)

March 2022: The issue of the Belarus migrant crisis (Population Movement Council)

March 2022: The issue of ensuring equal access to COVID-19 vaccinations (Human Rights Council)

October 2021: Ensuring universal access to reproductive healthcare and legal abortion for women and girls (SDG5 Gender Equality)

October 2021: The question of managing the impacts of climate change in environmentally threatened countries (United Nations Environment Assembly UNEA)

Arms Control

Atomic, Biological & Chemical (ABC) Weapons

Climate Change

Climate Change-Related Planning & Management in Least Developed Countries & Small Island Developing States

Combating Racism & Xenophobia

Deployment of UN Peacekeepers to Crimea